发展性阅读障碍不仅是学习困难研究的重要领域之一，也是语言认知领域的重要研究课题。西方学界对发展性阅读障碍的研究已有相当长的历史，并取得丰硕的成果，尤其是在英语发展性阅读障碍的病因和干预方面；汉语发展性阅读障碍的研究起步较晚，研究者大多从语言学方面进行了大量的研究，但较少从心理认知加工机制角度加以探讨。对汉语阅读加工过程中内在机制的探讨将有助于揭示语言加工的普遍性与特殊性，以及阅读障碍的成因，并可为后期的干预提供帮助。

本书以“汉语阅读障碍的PASS认知加工机制”为主题，以PASS理论为基础，以DN:CAS认知评估系统为主要测评工具，并结合改编的言语认知测验，多层面多视角地对汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的认知加工机制进行系统、深入的探讨。

本书还得到PASS理论提出者J.P.Das教授的赞许，并欣然为本书撰序。

本书是一项持续三年的追踪研究，以同伴交往的四个水平为基础，动态地考察了儿童从中期到晚期，同伴交往的发展变化及其对心理适应的影响。本研究有三大特色：一是采用多层线形模型和潜变量增长曲线模型对追踪数据进行分析，揭示了同伴交往的发展趋势及其对心理适应发展轨迹的影响；二是充分重视同伴交往中性别的作用，将儿童的友谊数和同伴接纳水平进行了性别区分，证明了性别疏离现象的存在：三是呈现社会技能干预训练的过程和结果，不仅对理论模型进行验证，而且尝试将理论应用到实践中。

Chomsky’s linguistic theory has not only revived the nativism，but also promoted its development in contemporary philosophy and cognitive science.The fields it covered range from psychology，linguistics and ethics，to ethology，neuroscience and computational science.The forms of contemporary Nativism develop from language innateness and modular theory to Evolutionary Nativism，Genetic Nativism and A new comprehensive theory.Each forms has its own Theoretical factions.Nativism and Empiricism which produced in ancient Greec are two different answers about the source of human cognition.Now，the debate is not j ust academic.It would affect mass media and the general public especially when the issue comes to the emotional instinct or personality preferences.

Because of cultural background，values，the emphasis of eastern and western Innatism is different.Western focuses on the nature，structure，Arcanum and the operating mechanism of mind.The Oriental pay more attention to a series of questions of ethics and morality.The contemporary nativism has the following distinctive features：the foundation is modern science，especially genetics and biology；the fields it covered are widespread；the issues it concerned include the sturction and function of nativism；the research style is more naturalistic.

The opponents stress that concept of“innate”is very confusing，the theory of innate ideas what it means is not clear.There will be misunderstanding and controversy because of the mix of words and phrases.Whether people agree or disagree with the concept of“innate”，emphasizing the innate factor has become a general consensus.Nativism is closely linked to paradigm of cognitive science.The different cognitive scientific research program in explaining the psychological structure is not the same.So innate is a“framework concept”.Relating to the notion of innateness，the nature of mind，and so on，this paper examines the history of traditional nativism and the forms of modern nativism，and discusses the issues of modern nativism.

In the interpretation of the classics of Marxism，we can easily find a large number of expositions oninnate ideas which constitute Marxist innateness theory.Marxism theory of reflection has difference between germline and individual，such as homotropic inheritance.Marxism theory unfolds its critique on traditional nativism，but not innate ideas.Modern nativism bring about opportunities and challenges to Marxist epistemology.The thesis makes analysis of their rationalities to enrich and develop Marxist theory.This is the essential requirements of philosophy’s modernization，but also development needs of Marxism Epistemology.

Contemporarynativism enriches and develops the traditional innatism，and the reasonable factors will promote theoretical innovation on related disciplines.It provide new issues and angle for artificial intelligence，anthropology，ethics，pedagogy，and so on.But the criticism of contemporary nativism makes great pressure，and it does have its

own theoretical defects.First，lack of forceful arguments，the argument is not sufficient.The second is too much emphasis on nature，ignore nurture.Third，the concept of innate is confused.The fourth is caught in the paradox of theory.Fifth，it main considers intellectual factors，with little consideration of their social impact.So Nativism relies heavily on scientific and technological progress.Its development needs broader integration.

Key words：Nativism；Computationalism；Neo-teleology；Embod-ied Cognition；Marxis