完善党委领导下的校长负责制，建立健全大学内部权力运行制约机制是治理时代大学面临的新命题。本研究对如何完善大学内部权力制约机制问题进行了深入分析和研究，遵循“主体—关系—机制”的研究思路，运用多案例与历史和比较研究的方法，以各个时期的典型高校为分析对象，从权力制约机制形成的历史维度和横向国际比较的维度分析了自中世纪大学以来和我国现代大学以来，大学内部权力制约机制形成的逻辑和运行的特点。对美国、英国、德国和日本高校内部权力制约机制运行现状和特点进行了比较分析。在调查研究的基础上，针对我国高校内部权力制约机制实际存在的问题和各类权力的性质与特点，从权力制约权力、制度制约权力、权利制约权力和文化制约权力四个方面有针对性地提出了完善的路径和建议。

The 18th Report of Communist Party of China explicitly put forwards the improvement of power restriction and supervision system to ensure powers running correctly.The report above mean our party a deepening cognition on the power operation mechanism.At the same time，internal power of public higher learning institution is highly concentrated in，as s result，the campus top power-holders without being effectively restricted，which runs in a way of non-institutionalized.Based on the above background and problems，this study mainly focuses on the problem of how to build and perfect the university internal power restriction mechanisms.Around the core concept of“power restriction mechanism”，this study follows a research train of thought of“（power）subjects，（power）relations and（power）restriction mechanisms”to answer the questions with case study，historical and comparative research methods.The book’s framework is formed on three proposed problems.The medieval university internal power restriction mechanism，through the study of history，is mainly mechanism of limiting the power with culture based on religion，sacred oath and University charter.That of modern time’s universities is mainly“academic-administrative power”duality of power restricting power mechanism type because of the enlargement of the scales，functions of universities and the intervention of state power.Modern universities as a stakeholder organization，in addition to the basic restriction mechanism，its outstanding features of power restrict mechanism is in the form of social rights of board.According universities internal power relations change，Chinese colleges and universities internal power restriction mechanisms have experienced periods of the administrative control of the imperial university，faculties governance of Beijing University and the southwest united university，and the period of under the leadership of party committee of the People’s Republic of China.Power restriction mechanism in addition to the typical of senate，administration and faculty decentralized restriction mechanism in special times of the southwest united university，are mainly show feature of“the mantis catching cicada”type.It is a vertical power restriction mechanism.Another power restriction mechanism based on personal moral conscious.The former appears something of vertical supervision，while the later mainly depends on individual morality.By comparing the internal power restriction mechanism in universities among the United States，Britain，Germany and Japan，the author found the stick out feature of the US universities’power restriction mechanism is still mechanism of rights restricting powers by the board of directors’system.This mechanism　is　based　on　decentralized　management　and　university autonomy.There are three models of power restriction mechanisms in British universities，which are model of Oxford and Cambridge universities，pre-1992 and post-1992 universities and colleges.The former mainly is a mechanism of restricting power with rights and culture，while the latter is of decentralized restriction mechanism and right restricting power mechanism by the board of directors；German universities power restriction mechanism on the basis of“faculty governance”and decentralized governance mechanism gradually to seek social rights，in the form of board of directors，restricting power mechanism type.After the national university corporation law enacted，Japanese universities form a new centralized control mode，headed by President but for amateur participation in university governance for the social constraints of power mechanism.Through interviews and statistical analysis，the author found that perfect each rules and regulations is still the current and future issues needed to solve in Chinese public universities.Seeing from the effect of power restriction mechanisms，the author found essential issue is its non-institutionalized operation problems in campus in China，main performs the follow contradictions，which are the contradiction between the leadership of the party committee and that of secretary of the party committee，the contradiction between power and right at the university，“two heads”of the game，and Decisions in position of organization’s or personal’s，etc.According to the problems above，this study，from four dimensions，proposes the countermeasures.First of all，the party committee should mainly play right of university governance and reserve of approval of important decisions at the university；President Selection system needed to be implemented，the government and universities should make President election and appointment of phases separated，promote university principal professionalization；Giving the academic committee of violations“chapter”veto power.At the same time，the author suggests improving the effectiveness of the social and democratic powers in university power restriction as both system requirements，and finally forming differences decision-making and complementary advantages in the internal power relations among party，administrators，professors and social stakeholders.Second，the author advises to revise and perfect the higher education law of china，and to be sure the legal effect of universities statutes and other internal rules.The party committee and president and other internal power-holders in universities should guarantee exercise by laws and due　processes.While，discipline　inspection　committee　and　auditing　department　should　be independently exercised for its’duties led by higher committees outside of universities.Third，the author argues that government and universities should definitude the legal status of the board and its mechanism of participating in university decision-making，and empower the board rights of query，evaluate and recommend on president for duties.The author also argues guaranteeing faculty delegates’congress rights to vote and to ask dismissing the president and other power-holders.Simultaneously，government and university power-holders should definitude the legal validity of running laws and rules of faculty delegates’congress and perfect the operation mechanism of it.Based on above，government and university power-holders should ensure faculty delegates’congress run its duties independently under the leadership of the party committee.Last improvement proposal is for the cultural restrictions.The study suggests university power-holders to reconstruct academic ecological culture，which are culture of clean political power governance，culture of efficient and responsible for administrative power service，culture of free academic power autonomous and innovation and culture of harmonious and democratic rights of supervision.Universities’power-holders should convert university statutes，rules transform into the value of faith，so as to each power-holder executes power＆right in a way of cultural consciousness，and to be sure effectiveness of cultural restriction powers. Key words：University internal powers；University governance structure；Power restriction mechanism

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