经济合作署作为欧洲复兴计划的主管机构，在促进二战后初期西欧重建上发挥了独特的作用。经济合作署拥有一整套独立的、较为完备的组织体系，广泛吸纳来自商业、劳工等利益团体的人士，从而为来自民间组织、拥有丰富经验的专家和政府官员共同解决欧洲复兴计划实施中的各种繁杂问题搭建了理想的平台。经济合作署在执行欧洲复兴计划上发挥了重要作用，使美国政府和利益团体制定欧洲复兴计划的初衷基本上得以实现，包括促进西欧经济的复苏，抑制共产主义在西欧的扩展，促进自由贸易。但是，经济合作署片面夸大了美国模式的示范作用，忽略了欧洲复杂的政治、经济和文化状况，实际是按照美国的意志来干预和设计欧洲现代化的道路。很多西欧国家在引进美国生产管理方式的同时，对美国企业生产方式在内的美国文化进行了有选择的抵制和改造。经济合作署将美国发展模式推广到世界其它地区的设想不可能实现。

Economic Cooperation Administration（ECA）was the agency to administer European Recovery Program.Drawing on all kinds of archival sources，this book examines the important role that ECA played in the reconstruction of Western Europe.One of the hallmarks of the European Recovery Program was the cooperation between government authorities and interest groups，they assured the legislative enactment of a European aid Program and the establishment of Economic Cooperation Administration.ECA brought together business，labor and government representative，it became the hub in an elaborate system of public-private cooperation and power sharing，which could recruit talent from the private sector and guarantee a business-like efficiency in operational matters.ECA had helped European restore production，control inflation，revive trade and contain the growing of communist.The promotion of economic recovery and anti-Communism were the most well-known objectives of the European Recovery Program，yet the plan also had a cultural component.As a separate agency，ECA was able to exercise a considerable degree of autonomy.ECA dispensed advice as well as aid，offering Europeans the American model along with American money.One such strategy involved the ECA’s plans for an integrated European economic order and a fully multilateral system of world trade，the ECA launched a campaign to remove import quotas，liberalize trade and making currencies convertible；Being convinced that the American system of industrial production was a most efficient model，ECA launched the technical assistance program to disseminate American technical and production methods to Europe；Through information program，ECA sought to increase support for American policy goals as well as spread of American mass culture.ECA advertised the Untied States as a land that Europe could emulate if it accepted the key American principles of economic efficiency and unlimited productivity.However，the Cold War forced the dramatic reorientation of European aid policy to military production，which prevented the ECA from achieving its full potential.Key Words：United States；Economic Cooperation Administration；European Recovery Program

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