From Roman law to modern times, the ownership system of civil law systems has undergone significant changes in terms of values, institutional structure and content of rights. In general, there are two main construction perspectives in the ownership system of civil law systems: from person to thing and from thing to person. The former reflects the subject's domination of things, embodied in a unified and inseparable dominance of things; The latter focuses on the use of things, clarifying the scope and attribution of various rights existing in things. This book studies the historical changes of the ownership model of civil law systems from these two perspectives, and believes that the hallmark of the establishment of modern ownership is to abandon the medieval ownership model from the perspective of things, and choose to construct an absolute ownership model from the perspective of subjects. This perspective shift was eventually completed in the German Civil Code. In this framework, this book focuses on the inherent prescriptiveness of the modern ownership model, addressing two crises it faces in our time: first, the impact of the rising status of things in the ownership structure on the ownership system; Second, the opposition between private ownership and those forms of property belonging marginalized by liberal ideas is specifically analyzed and studied. On this basis, the state ownership and collective ownership stipulated in China's property law have been reinterpreted.(AI翻译)