本书是研究西方平等理论的政治哲学著作。平等是这样一种政治思想：认为不同的人在根本上是同等重要的，应该被平等对待。本书依循西方平等理论发展的历程，从纵向和横向两个方面展现各种平等理论的演进和争论。在纵向结构上，分析了平等思想的三个发展阶段：希腊化时期斯多葛学派阐发的哲学层面的平等；启蒙时代自然权利论者讨论的政治层面的平等；20世纪中叶以来学者们关注的社会和经济领域的平等。在横向结构上，讨论了当代平等主义三大流派之间的争论：罗伯特·诺奇克代表的自由至上主义、约翰·罗尔斯和罗纳德·德沃金代表的自由主义左派以及G.A.柯亨代表的分析马克思主义学派。

This book is a work of political philosophy that studies Western theory of equality. Equality is the political idea that different people are fundamentally equal and should be treated equally. This book follows the course of the development of Western equality theory, showing the evolution and debate of various equality theories from both vertical and horizontal aspects. In terms of vertical structure, three stages of development of the idea of equality are analyzed: equality at the philosophical level expounded by the Stoics in the Hellenistic period; equality at the political level discussed by natural rights theorists in the Age of Enlightenment; Since the mid-20th century, scholars have focused on equality in the social and economic spheres. In terms of horizontal structure, the debate between the three major currents of contemporary egalitarianism is discussed: libertarian supremacy represented by Robert Nozick, liberal left represented by John Rawls and Ronald Dworkin, and analytical Marxist school represented by G.A. Cohen.（AI翻译）

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