20世纪90年代以来，底层叙事经历了从一元到多元的分化过程。在被大影像、大制作电影占据的主流市场之外，对底层人的代言与书写，仍然受到不同意识形态的争逐。

执着于艺术探索的“底层电影”，通过讲述底层个体梦想幻灭与代际命运轮回的故事，叙述底层民众的道德分化与伦理抉择，凸显底层的伦理困境；主旋律基调下的底层叙事，通过道德叙事、底层成功神话讲述、底层代言者与拯救者设定，传递主流意识形态；消费语境中对“底层”的商业化叙事，促生了底层喜剧电影和底层女性苦情戏的繁荣。新世纪以来，底层叙事趋于荒诞化与黑色喜剧化，底层作为能指在影片中空洞化，底层题材与中产阶级题材融合日渐明显。

不同意识形态主导下的底层叙事均存在表达困境。尊重现实主义创作方法，注重对底层生存经验和生命体悟的真切表达，是“底层电影”建构自身文化品格的关键。

Since the 90s of the 20th century, the underlying narrative has undergone a process of differentiation from monistic to pluralistic. In addition to the mainstream market occupied by big images and big-budget movies, the endorsement and writing of people at the bottom are still subject to competition by different ideologies. The "bottom film", which is committed to artistic exploration, narrates the moral differentiation and ethical choices of the people at the bottom by telling the story of the disillusionment of the dreams of the individuals at the bottom and the reincarnation of intergenerational fate, highlighting the ethical dilemmas at the bottom; The underlying narrative under the main theme conveys the mainstream ideology through the moral narrative, the underlying success myth telling, and the underlying spokesperson and rescuer setting; The commercial narrative of the "bottom" in the context of consumption has promoted the prosperity of bottom-level comedy films and low-level women's bitter dramas. Since the new century, the underlying narrative has tended to be absurd and black comedy, the bottom layer as the signifier has hollowed out in the film, and the integration of the underlying theme and the middle-class theme has become increasingly obvious. There are expressive dilemmas in the underlying narratives dominated by different ideologies. Respecting realistic creative methods and paying attention to the true expression of the survival experience and life experience of the bottom layer is the key to the construction of its own cultural character by "bottom film".（AI翻译）

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