科举制带来社会阶层一定程度上的流动，并且在唐代中期开始形成以科举为业的士人群体，并且这个群体也覆盖到江南地区。北方士人迁入南方后，经历了本土化的过程，加上科举制继续发展，从而增加了南宋士人群体的数量。这源于南宋地方公私教育的普及，以及印刷出版技术的发达。南宋士人的身份的自我认同比较一致，士人的形成方式开始趋同，并且该阶层还出现了基本的分层。作为南宋社会的一个重要阶层，因士人自身社会地位的优势，富民对士人地位的追捧，以及地方官员对士人的礼遇和互动，在这些基础之上，士人进而在参与公益事业过程中通过与政府官员和富民等阶层发生互动，从而获得一定的“文化权力”。南宋大部分公益事业依然是地方官员为主导，士人仅是参与力量，并未达到控制地方事务的程度。

The imperial examination system brought a certain degree of social class mobility, and in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, a group of scholars, who practiced the imperial examination, began to form, and this group also covered the Jiangnan region. After the northern Shi people moved to the south, they underwent a process of localization, and the imperial examination system continued to develop, thus increasing the number of Southern Song Shi people. This stems from the popularization of local public and private education in the Southern Song Dynasty and the development of printing and publishing technology. The self-identification of the Southern Song Shi people was relatively consistent, the formation of the Shi people began to converge, and there was also a basic stratification of this class. As an important stratum of the Southern Song Dynasty society, because of the advantages of the social status of the scholars, the pursuit of the status of the scholars, and the courtesy and interaction of local officials to the scholars, on these basis, the scholars, in the process of participating in public welfare undertakings, interacted with government officials and rich people and other classes, so as to obtain a certain "cultural power". Most of the public welfare undertakings of the Southern Song Dynasty were still dominated by local officials, and the scholars' participation was only a force, not to the extent of controlling local affairs.（AI翻译）

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