20世纪的上半期，在中国兴起了一场由知识分子主导的声势浩大的乡村建设事业，学术界称之为“乡村建设运动”。作为一种改良主义实验，它希望在维护既存社会制度的前提下，采用非暴力的方式，通过兴办教育、倡导合作、地方自治、公共服务和移风易俗等措施，拯救日趋衰弱的农村经济，刷新中国政治，复兴中国文化，实现“民族再造”或“民族自救”。在实践层面，“乡村建设运动”的思想通常与国家发展的战略、政策、措施密切相关，并呈现出“群体性”和“多样化”的特点。“乡村建设运动”在中国百年乡村建设历史上具有承上启下、融汇中西的作用，有其独特的学术内涵与时代特征，是我们认识传统中国社会的重要基础，也是繁荣哲学社会科学、实施新一轮乡村振兴战略不能忽视的学术遗产。

In the first half of the 20th century, a huge rural constructive undertaking led by intellectuals emerged in China, which was called "Rural Construction Movement" by academia. Connecting the past century and integrating the Chinese and Western cultures, the movement has its unique academic connotation and characteristics of the times. It is an academic heritage that cannot be ignored in the prosperity of philosophy and social sciences and the implementation of a new round of Rural Revitalization Strategy.

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