21世纪初以来，中国农村工业的规模、形成机制及其污染程度已与传统乡镇企业时期大为不同。本书通过一套识别城乡地域的新方法估算出中国工业在城乡空间的分布情况。研究发现：农村工业规模与城镇工业基本相当；农村地区分散性企业和产业集聚区共存，不但有农产品加工企业，而且还有大量的高污染密集型企业；城乡在企业用地成本、环境规制以及交通基础设施等方面的差异导致农村地区成为工业园区和企业的主要分布空间；政府环境管理机构设置与工业城乡空间布局关系错位，农村工业污染问题亟需解决。城乡二分视角有助于理解中国工业污染的空间差异性，对于现实的工业污染治理具有重要的参考价值。

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the scale, formation mechanism and pollution degree of China's rural industry have been very different from the period of traditional township enterprises. This book estimates the distribution of Chinese industry in urban and rural spaces through a new method for identifying urban and rural areas. The study found that the scale of rural industry is basically the same as that of urban industry. Scattered enterprises and industrial agglomeration areas in rural areas coexist, not only agricultural product processing enterprises, but also a large number of highly polluting-intensive enterprises; The differences between urban and rural areas in terms of enterprise land cost, environmental regulation and transportation infrastructure have led to rural areas becoming the main distribution space of industrial parks and enterprises. The relationship between the setting of government environmental management institutions and the spatial layout of industrial urban and rural areas is misaligned, and the problem of rural industrial pollution needs to be solved urgently. The urban-rural dichotomy perspective is helpful to understand the spatial differences of industrial pollution in China, and has important reference value for the actual industrial pollution control.（AI翻译）

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