在世界文学史上，社会主义思潮对英语文学产生了深远的影响。自托马斯·莫尔在《乌托邦》（1516）中提出“乌托邦”理想而萌发了空想社会主义思潮之后，社会意识形态领域中出现了多种多样的社会主义的概念和理论，影响着世界各国的社会沿革、国际政治、国家政体、文化教育、经济税收、医疗保险、福利保障等方面的演变和完善，也启迪着人类从未停止步伐去追求和探索一个没有资本主义弊端的完美的社会体制或“自由国度”（马克思语）。历史证明，马克思是人类的人文精神和社会发展的重要导师。以马克思主义为指导的国际共产主义运动和无产阶级革命实践汇成了强大的社会主义思潮，在世界范围内催生和繁荣了社会主义文学和文学批评，深刻地影响着世界文学的构成和发展。马克思主义诞生后，很多国家如英国、法国、德国、俄国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、古巴、中国等先后成立了共产主义者同盟、共产党、社会主义党等共产主义性质的政党和组织，它们不仅引导了本国的社会主义革命实践，也吸引了大批作家和文学评论家加入共产主义思想阵营和组织，成为社会主义文学发展的核心力量。英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等英语国别文学基本上都历经了激进老左翼、新左翼、当代左翼三个发展阶段，左翼文学书写不可否定地已经融入了各自民族主义文学和本土文学的构建，不但勃发出社会主义文学独有的文学特质和持久生命力，也弘扬了马克思主义美学观和共产主义精神。社会主义思潮也穿越和汇接了浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义和后现代主义等文学流派的嬗变，增强和丰富了马克思主义文学批评理论的方法和内涵。

蘶莉，内蒙古大学教授，硕士生导师，南开大学文学博士；内蒙古大学加拿大研究中心主任，中国加拿大研究会理事；两次获得国家留学基金委选派赴加拿大访学，受聘为加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学访问教授（2012—2015），从事学术研究工作；在国内外学术期刊发表中英文论文30篇，出版《白雪天使——加拿大现代英语诗歌选集》（2008）和《加拿大社会现实主义文学研究》（2011）；主持并完成了加拿大国际项目7项和国家社科基金课题“英语文学中的社会主义思潮研究”；获得加拿大政府“加拿大研究特殊奖”（2009），内蒙古第四届哲学社会科学优秀成果政府奖二等奖（2012）和“内蒙古自治区优秀教师”（2012）等奖励。

中文文献

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[2]陈惇、孙景尧、谢天振：《比较文学》，高等教育出版社2007年版。

[3]程代熙：《马克思主义与美学中的现实主义》，上海文艺出版社1983年版。

[4]程代熙：《马克思主义与现实主义美学》，上海文艺出版社1983年版。

[5]程代熙：《程代熙文集：马克思主义与现实主义美学》（第二卷）,长征出版社1999年版。

[6]程正民、邱运华、王志耕、张冰：《20世纪俄国马克思主义文艺理论研究》，北京大学出版社2011年版。

[7]董衡巽：《美国文学史》，人民文学出版社2002年版。

[8][德]恩格斯：《致玛·哈克奈斯》,《马克思恩格斯选集》（第四卷），人民文学出版社1972年版。

[9][德]恩格斯：《英国工人阶级状况》,《马克思恩格斯选集》（第二卷），人民文学出版社1972年版。

[10][德]恩格斯：《英国妇女状况》,《马克思恩格斯全集》（第四十五卷），人民出版社1985年版。

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[26][德]马克思、恩格斯：《马克思恩格斯全集》（第二十二卷）,人民出版社1965年版。

[27][加]迈克尔·翁达杰：《身着狮皮》，姚媛译，译林出版社2003年版。

[28]马鹏飞：《论〈1984〉对英国乌托邦小说传统的颠覆与超越》，硕士学位论文，兰州大学，2008年。

[29]毛泽东：《纪念白求恩》（1939年12月21日）,《毛泽东选集》（第二卷），人民出版社1979年版。

[30]邱运华：《文学批评方法与案例》，北京大学出版社2006年版。

[31]双传学：《高举21世纪马克思主义的思想旗帜》,《红旗文稿》2017年第10期。

[32]沈静：《詹姆逊的马克思主义阐释学美学》，人民文学出版社第2013年版。

[33]王腊宝等：《澳大利亚文学批评史》，中国社会科学出版社2016年版。

[34]王立新、王旭峰、邓宏艺：《欧洲近现代文学艺术史论》，天津人民出版社2011年版。

[35]王予霞：《苏珊·桑塔格与当代美国左翼文学研究》，中国社会科学出版社2009年版。

[36][加]威·约·基思：《加拿大英语文学史》，耿力平等译，北京大学出版社2009年版。

[37][美]韦恩·C.布斯：《小说修辞学》，华明、胡苏晓、周宪译，北京大学出版1986年版。

[38]魏莉：《加拿大英语左翼小说研究》，博士学位论文，南开大学， 2015年。

[39]魏莉：《新马克思主义文学评论视域中解读〈饶舌者〉》,《内蒙古大学学报》2014年第6期。

[40]魏莉：《加拿大化运动及其对高等教育体制的影响》,《高等教育研究》2006年第2期。

[41]魏莉：《论加拿大左翼小说〈计程车！〉的社会主义女性主义思想》,《内蒙古大学学报》2015年第3期。

[42][加]威廉·赫伯特·纽：《加拿大文学史》，吴持哲等译，内蒙古大学出版社1994年版。

[43]魏天无：《新世纪以来国内西方马克思主义文学批评研究现状及问题》,《中国政法大学学报》2012年第2期。

[44]吴岳添：《法国现当代左翼文学》，湘潭大学出版社2007年版。

[45]谢少波、王逢振：《文化研究访谈录》，中国社会科学出版社2003年版。

[46]谢江南、张湘君：《萧伯纳与中国：时代的相逢与误读》,《中华读书报》2013年6月5日第19版。

[47][英]伊格尔顿：《后现代主义的幻象》，华明译，商务印书馆2000年版。

[48][英]伊格尔顿：《审美意识形态》，王杰等译，广西师范大学出版社2001年版。

[49][英]伊格尔顿：《二十世纪西方文学理论》，伍晓明译，北京大学出版社2007年版。

[50][英]伊格尔顿：《理论之后》，商正译，商务印书馆2009年版。

[51][英]伊格尔顿：《马克思为什么是对的》，李杨等译，新星出版社2011年版。

[52]衣俊卿：《新马克思主义评论第一辑·卢卡奇专辑》，中央编译出版社2012年版。

[53]杨周翰：《欧洲文学史》，人民文学出版社1980年版。

[54]虞建华：《新西兰文学史》，上海外语教育出版社2015年版。

[55]詹姆斯·斯蒂尔、魏莉、黄志钢：《白雪天使：加拿大现代英语诗歌选集》，内蒙古大学出版社2008年版。

[56][美]詹姆逊：《政治无意识》，王逢振等译，中国社会科学出版社1999年版。

[57][美]詹姆逊：《再现资本：重读〈资本论〉第一卷》，胡志国等译，中国人民大学出版社2013年版。

[58]张一兵主编：《资本主义理解史》，江苏人民出版社2009年版。

[59]赵慧珍：《加拿大英语女作家研究》，民族出版社2006年版。

[60]周惠斌：《萧伯纳“闪电”访沪始末》,《中华读书报》2010年11月17日第5版。

马克思主义理论和文学理论著作（英文）

[1]Louis Pierre Althusser,On the Reproduction of Capitalism,G.M.Goshgarian,trans.&ed.,London &New York:Verso,2014.

[2]Mikhail Bakhtin.Marxism and the Philosophy of Language,N.Y.:Cornell University Press,1973.

[3]Mikhail Bakhtin,Freudianism:A Marxist Critique,N.Y.:Cornell U niversity Press,1973.

[4]Jacques Derrida,Specters of Marx:The State of the Debt,the Work of Mourning and the New International,Peggy Kamuf,trans.,New York &London:Routledge,1994.

[5]Jacques Derrida,Positions,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1981.

[6]Terry Eagleton,Criticism and ideology:A Study in Marxist Literary Theory,London:North London Branch,1976.

[7]Terry Eagleton,Culture and the Death of God,New Haven:Yale University Press,2014.

[8]Terry Eagleton,Literary Theory:An Introduction,Minneapolis:The University of Minnesota Press,2008.

[9]Terry Eagleton,Marxism and Literary Criticism,Oakland:University of California Press,1976.

[10]Terry Eagleton,The Body as Language:Outline of A New Left Theology,London:Sheed &Ward,1970.

[11]Terry Eagleton,The Event of Literature,New Haven:Yale University Press,2012.

[12]Terry Eagleton,The Function of Criticism,London:NLB,1984.

[13]Terry Eagleton,The New Left Church,London:Sheed&Ward,1966.

[14]Terry Eagleton,The Ideology of the Aesthetic,Cambridge,MA:Basil Blackwell,1990a.

[15]Terry Eagleton,The Significance of Theory,Oxford:Basil Blackwell,1990b.

[16]Terry Eagleton,Why Marx Was Right,New Haven:Yale University Press,2012.

[17]Frederick Engels,The Origin of the Family,Private Property,and State,New York:International,1972.

[18]Michel Foucault,Madness and Civilization:A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason,Trans.Richard Howard,New York:Vintage Random,1973.

[19]Michel Foucault,The Order of Things:an Archaeology of Human Sciences,New York:Random House,1970.

[20]Michel Foucault,Power/Knowledge:Selected Interviews and other Essays,New York:Pantheon,1980.

[21]James Fulcher,Capitalism:A Very Short Introduction,Oxford:Oxford UP,2004.

[22]Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri,Commonwealth,New York:Harvard University Press,2009.

[23]Michael,Hardt and Antonio Negri,Empire,New York:Harvard University Press,2000.

[24]Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri,Multitude:War and Democracy in the Age of Empire,New York:Penguin Press,2004.

[25]Leslie Holmes,Communism:A Very Short Introduction,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2009.

[26]Fredric Jameson,Archaeologies of the Future:The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions,London:Verso,2007.

[27]Fredric Jameson,Marxism and Form:Twentieth Century Dialectical Theories of Literature,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1971.

[28]Fredric Jameson,Late Marxism:Adorno or The Persistence of the Dialectic,London &New York:Verso,1990.

[29]Fredric Jameson,The Political Unconscious:Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act,Ithaca,N.Y.:Cornell University Press,1981.

[30]Fredric Jameson,Postmodernism,or,the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism,Durham,NC:Duke University Press,1991.

[31]Fredric Jameson,Representing'Capital':A Reading of Volume One,London &New York:Verso,2011.

[32]Fredric Jameson,The Prison-House of Language,Princeton:Princeton UP,1972.

[33]Fredric Jameson,The Ancients and the Postmoderns:On the Historicity of Forms,London &New York:Verso,201.

[34]Fredric Jameson,The Antinomies of Realism,London &New York:Verso,2013.

[35]Fredric Jameson,The Ideologies of Theory.Essays 1971–1986.Vol.1:Situations of Theory,Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press,1988.

[36]Fredric Jameson,Valences of the Dialectic,London:Verso,2009.

[37]Naomi Klein,The Shock Doctrine:The Rise of Disaster Capitalism,New York:Picador,2008.

[38]Vincent Leitch,Literary Criticism in the 21st Century:Theory Renaissance,New York:Bloomsbury Academic Publishing,2014.

[39]Vincent Leitch,The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism,2^nded.,New York:WW.Norton &Co.,2010.

[40]V.I.Lenin,Essential Works of Lenin:“What Is to Be Done?”and Other Writings,London:Dover,1987.

[41]Georg Lukacs,History and Class Consciousness,trans.Rodney Livingstone.Cambridge:MIT Press,1971.

[42]Georg Lukacs,Studies in European Realism,trans.Edith Bone.London:Hillway,1950.

[43]Herbert Marcuse,One-Dimensional Man:Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society,Boston:Beacon Press,1991.

[44]Karl Marx,Capital,trans.David Fernbach,vol.3.New York:Vintage Books,1981.

[45]Karl Marx,“The German Ideology”,Marx and Engels:Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy,ed.,Lewis S.Feuer.Garden City,New York:Anchor,1959.

[46]Karl Marx,On Revolution,ed.,Saul K.Padover.New York:McGraw-Hill,1971.

[47]Karl Marx,“Debating the Freedom of the Press”,Marx &Engels on Literature &Art,ed.,Stefan Morowski and L.Baxandall.St.Louis:Telos,1973.

[48]Karl Marx,Grundrisse,Harmondsworth:Penguin Classics,1973.

[49]Karl Marx,“Karl Marx on Education”,Women,and Children,ed.,Saul K.Padover.New York:McGraw-Hill,1975.

[50]Karl Marx,“Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts”,Karl Marx:Early Writings,Introd.Lucio Colletti.Harmondsworth,1975.

[51]Karl Marx,Capital:A Critique of Political Economy,3 vols.Trans.,Ben Fowkes.New York:Penguin,1990.

[52]Karl Marx and Frederick Engels,Collected Works,Vol.50 Letters（Oct.1892—1895）.New York:International,2004.

[53]Miller,Sally M.ed.Race,Ethnicity,and Gender in Early Twentiethcentury American Socialism,New York:Garland,1996.

[54]Harry Morrison,The Socialism of Bernard Shaw,Jefferson,North Carolina:McFarland,1989.

[55]Michael Neuman,Socialism:A Very Short Introduction,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2005.

[56]Peter Singer,Marx:A Very Short Introduction,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2010

[57]Tower Lyman Sargent,Utopianism:A Very Short Introduction,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2010.

[58]Manfred B.Steger,Globalization:A Very Short Introduction,3^rded,Oxford:Oxford UP,2003.

[59]Raymond Williams,Marxism and Literature,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1977.

[60]Raymond Williams,Modern Tragedy,London:Chatto and Windus,1966.

英文著作和期刊文献

[1]Daniel Aaron,Writers on the Left:Episodes in American Literary Communism,New York:Harcourt,Brace &World,1961.

[2]Knife Abraham,From Race to Class:Links and Parallels in African and Black American Protest Expression,London:Grassroots Publisher,1982.

[3]Hazard Adams andSearle Leroy,Critical Theory Since Plato,San Diego:Harcourt,1992.

[4]Louis Althusser,Lenin and Philosophy,trans.Ben Brewster.New York:Monthly Review Press,1971.

[5]Louis Althusser,For Marx,Trans.Ben Brewster.London:Allen Lane The Penguin Press,1983.1986.

[6]Ted Allan,This Time a Better Earth,New York:Morrow,1939.

[7]Gustav Amann,The Legacy of Sun Yat-sen:A History of Chinese Revolution,trans.F.P.Grove.Reprint.Whitefish,MT:Kessinger Publishing,LLC.,2010.

[8]Jennifer Anderson,Propaganda and Persuasion in the Cold War:the Canadian Soviet Freindship Society,1949-1960,Ottawa:Carleton University,2008.

[9]Erich Auerbach,Mimesis:the Representation of Reality in Western Literature,trans.W.R.Trask.Princeton:Princeton UP,1968.

[10]I.Avakumovic,Socialism in Canada,Toronto:M.&S.,1978.

[11]Bill Ashcroft and Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin,The Empire Writes Back:Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures,London:Routledge,1989.

[12]Kathleen R.Arnold,Homelessness,Citizenship,and Identity:The Uncanniness of Late Modernity,Albany:State U of New York P,2004.

[13]David Arnason,,Right Hand Left Hand,Erin,Ont.:Press Porcepic Ltd.,1977.

[14]David Arnason and Dorothy Livesay,“The Rise of Modernism in Canada”,A Public and Private Voice:Essays on the Life and Work of Dorothy Livesay,eds.,Lindsay Dorney et al.Waterloo:University of Waterloo Press,1986.

[15]H.Arvon,Marxist Aesthetics,trans.Helen R.Lane.Ithaca:Cornell University,1973.

[16]Giovanni Arrighi,The Long Twentieth Century:Money,Power,and the Origins of Our Times,London:Verso,1994.

[17]Margaret Atwood,Survival:A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature,Toronto:House of Anansi Press,2012.

[18]Margaret Atwood,“The Writer's Responsibility”,The Broadview Reader,ed.,H.Rosengarten&J.Flick.Peterborough,Canada:Broadview,1987.

[19]Margaret Atwood,Foreword inAmbivalence:Studies in Canadian Literature,eds.,Om.P.Juneja and Chandra Mohan.New Delhi:Allied Publishers,1990.

[20]Margaret Atwood,Blind Assassin,Toronto:McClelland &Stewart,2000.

[21]Margaret Atwood,The Curse of Eve.Women on Women,Toronto:York UP,1978.

[22]Margaret Atwood,Canadian Monsters.Second Words:Selected Critical Prose,Toronto:Anansi,1982.

[23]Margaret Atwood,Surfacing,Toronto:McClelland&Stewart,1972.

[24]Margaret Atwood,The Handmaid' s Tale,New York:Vintage Limited Edition,2005.

[25]Margaret Atwood,Year of the Flood,London:Harvill Press,1998.

[26]Margaret Atwood,Oryx and Crake,New York:Anchor;Reprint,2004.

[27]Margaret Atwood,The Penelopiad,London:Faber &Faber Limit,2007.

[28]Ivan Avakumovic,Socialism in Canada:A Study of the CCF-NDP in Federal and Provincial Politics,Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1978.

[29]Ivan Avakumovic,The Communist Party in Canada:A History,Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1975.

[30]Irene Baird,Waste Heritage,Toronto:Macmillan,1974.

[31]Lee Baxandall and Stefan Morawski,eds.,Marx and Engels on Literature and Art.St.Louis,Missouri:Telos,1973.

[32]Walter Benjamin,Charles Baudelaire:A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism,trans.Harry Zohn.London:New Left Books,1973.

[33]Tony Bennett,“Marxism and Popular Fiction”,Popular Fictions:Essays in Literature and History.ed.,Peter Humm,Paul Stigant,and Peter Widdowson.London:Methuen,1986.

[34]Jody Berland and Shelley Hornstein,Capital Culture,Montreal:McGill-Queen's UP,2000.

[35]Carl Berger,The Sense of Power:Studies in the Ideas of Canadian Imperialism,Toronto:U.of Toronto P,1970.

[36]J.M.Bernstein,The Philosophy of the Novel:Lukacs,Marxism and the Dialectic of Form,Brighton,England:Harvester,1984.

[37]Lita-Rose Betcherman,The Little Band:The Clashes between the Communists and the Political and Legal Establishments in Canada,Ottawa:Deneau,1982.

[38]Earle Birney,Perspectives on Earle Birney,Downsview,Ont.:ECW,1981.

[39]Earle Birney,Down the Long Table,Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1955.

[40]Earle Birney,Spreading Time:Remarks on Canadian Writing and Writers,1904-1949,Montreal:Vehicule,1989.

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