本书利用一手档案材料系统考察了“二战”后英国英属撒哈拉以南非洲政策，尤注意以撒哈拉以南非洲经济、社会变化为切入点反思殖民统治历史，以及上述变化同殖民统治终结之间的关系。此外，通过分析英美霸权转移、跨国公司资本联合与英国政策的关联，尝试将个案研究同资本主义世界体系变迁联系在一起。本书认为英国对英属撒哈拉以南非洲的政策是在国际压力、殖民地压力和国内压力的逼迫下制定的，三种压力在不同地区和时间段内发挥了大小不同的作用。在压力的综合结果下，经济考虑是英国政府决定政策方向的基本依据，政治或防务考虑起到加速或延缓政策实施时间和具体决定政策实施方式的作用。

杭聪，中国社会科学院世界历史研究所副研究员，史学博士，主要从事英帝国史、非洲史研究。在《世界历史》《史学集刊》《史林》等期刊发表论文20余篇，出版译著2部，主持国家社科基金项目2项、省部级课题2项，并参与多项课题研究。曾赴英国伦敦大学国王学院、南非金山大学访学。

中文文献

著作

[加纳]克瓦米·恩格鲁玛：《新殖民主义：帝国主义的最后阶段》，北京编译社译，世界知识出版社1966年版。

[肯尼亚]阿里·A.马兹鲁伊主编、[科特迪瓦]C.旺济助理主编：《非洲通史（第八卷）: 1935年以后的非洲》，屠尔康等译，中国对外翻译出版公司/联合国教科文组织2003年版。

[美]《麦克米伦回忆录》（1—6卷），山东大学外文系翻译组译，商务印书馆1976—1983年版。

[美]罗杰·S.戈京：《加纳史》，李晓东译，中国大百科全书出版社2011年版。

[美]斯塔夫里阿诺斯：《全球分裂——第三世界的历史进程》，迟越等译，商务印书馆1993年版。

[美]斯塔夫里阿诺斯：《全球通史》，董书慧、王昶、徐正源译，北京大学出版社2005年版。

[美]詹姆斯·多尔蒂、小罗伯特·普法尔茨格拉夫：《争论中的国际关系理论》，闫学通等译，世界知识出版社2003年版。

[塞内加尔]巴帕·易卜希马·谢克：《法国在非洲的文化战略：从1817年到1960年的殖民教育》，邓皓琛译，商务印书馆2016年版。

[苏]米列伊科夫斯基等：《第二次世界大战后的英国经济与政治》，叶林、方林译，世界知识出版社1960年版。

[坦桑尼亚]伊·基曼博、阿·特穆主编：《坦桑尼亚史》，钟丘译，商务印书馆1976年版。

[匈牙利]西克·安德烈：《黑非洲史》第3—4卷，姚祖培校，上海译文出版社1980年版。

[意]奇波拉：《欧洲经济史》第六卷（上），李子英等译，商务印书馆1991年版。

[英]P.B.N.廷德尔：《中非史》，陆彤之译，上海人民出版社1976年版。

[英]P.J.马歇尔编：《剑桥插图大英帝国史》，樊新志译，世界知识出版社2004年版。

[英]W.N.梅德利科特：《英国现代史》，张毓文等译，商务印书馆1990年版。

[英]《霍姆自传——从看风向谈起》，师史译，新华出版社1982年版。

[英]阿伦·斯克德、克里斯·库克：《战后英国政治史》，王子珍、秦新民译，世界知识出版社1985年版。

[英]艾伦·伯恩斯：《尼日利亚史》，上海师大翻译组译，上海人民出版社1974年版。

[英]布赖恩·拉平：《帝国斜阳》，钱乘旦等译，上海人民出版社1996年版。

[英]肯尼斯·英厄姆：《现代乌干达的形成》，钟丘译，上海商务印书馆1973年版。

[英]罗兰·奥利弗、[英]安东尼·阿特莫尔：《1800年以后的非洲》，李广一等译，商务印书馆1992年版。

[英]帕姆·杜德：《英国和英帝国危机》，苏仲彦等译，世界知识出版社1954年版。

[英]威廉·埃杰特·史密斯：《尼雷尔》，上海《国际问题资料》编译组及协作单位编译组译校，上海人民出版社1975年版。

[英]威廉·托多夫：《非洲政府与政治》（第四版），宁骚等译，北京大学出版社2007年版。

[英]约·阿·霍布森：《帝国主义》，纪明译，上海人民出版社1960年版。

[英]约翰·派克：《马拉维——政治经济史》，史一竹译，商务印书馆1973年版。

[英]佐伊·马什、[英]G.W.金斯诺思：《东非史简编》，伍彤之译，上海人民出版社1974年版。

[赞比亚]肯尼思·戴·卡翁达：《卡翁达自传》，伍群译，上海人民出版社1976年版。

《马克思恩格斯选集》第一卷，人民出版社1995年版。

陈乐民主编：《战后英国外交史》，世界知识出版社1994年版。

陈鲁直、李铁城主编：《联合国与世界秩序》，北京语言学院出版社1993年版。

陈启能主编：《大英帝国从殖民地撤退前后》，方志出版社2007年版。

高岱、郑家馨：《殖民主义史·总论卷》，北京大学出版社2003年版。

高晋元：《高晋元集》，中国社会科学出版社2007年版。

高晋元：《英国—非洲关系史略》，中国社会科学出版社2008年版。

李安山：《非洲民族主义研究》，中国国际广播出版社2004年版。

李鹏涛：《殖民主义与非洲社会变迁——以英属非洲殖民地为中心（1890—1960）》，社会科学文献出版社2019年版。

李铁城主编：《联合国的历程》，北京语言学院出版社1993年版。

梁根成：《美国与非洲》，北京大学出版社1991年版。

梁守德：《战后亚非拉民族民主运动》，北京大学出版社1989年版。

列宁：《帝国主义是资本主义的最高阶段》，人民出版社1964年版。

马瑞映：《疏离与合作——英国与欧共体关系研究》，中国社会科学出版社2007年版。

潘兴明：《南非——非洲大陆的领头羊》，上海人民出版社2012年版。

齐世荣、廖学盛主编：《20世纪的历史巨变》，学习出版社2005年版。

庆学先、罗春华：《西非三国——对抗与和解的悖论》，四川人民出版社2006年版。

孙红旗：《殖民主义与非洲专论》，中国矿业大学出版社2008年版。

王振华：《英联邦兴衰》，中国社会科学出版社1991年版。

吴秉真、高晋元主编：《非洲民族独立简史》，世界知识出版社1993年版。

张宏明：《多维视野中的非洲政治发展》，社会科学文献出版社2007年版。

张顺洪、孟庆龙、毕健康：《英美新殖民主义》，社会科学文献出版社1999年版。

张顺洪等：《大英帝国的瓦解——英国的非殖民化与香港问题》，社会科学文献出版社1997年版。

郑家馨主编：《殖民主义史·非洲卷》，北京大学出版社2000年版。

文章

[法]于格·戴和特：《非殖民化与欧洲建设》,《浙江学刊》2007年第1期。

陈晓红：《评战后英国在非洲的“政治撤退”》,《湘潭大学学报》1997年第5期。

陈仲丹：《英帝国解体原因探析》,《南京大学学报》1994年第4期。

高岱：《“殖民主义”与“新殖民主义”考释》,《历史研究》1998年第2期。

高岱：《依附论者对南北经济关系理论的思考》,《学海》2007年第4期。

高岱：《英法殖民地行政管理体制特点的评析》,《历史研究》2000年第4期。

高岱：《殖民主义的终结及其影响》,《世界历史》2000年第1期。

纪贾健：《英国“非殖民化”进程是战后殖民体系瓦解的历史必然》,《外交学院学报》2002年第4期。

李安山：《论“非殖民化”——一个概念的缘起与演变》,《世界历史》1998年第4期。

李安山：《日不落帝国的崩溃：论英国非殖民化的“计划”问题》,《历史研究》1995年第1期。

李继东：《英属非洲白人种植园经济略论》,《西亚非洲》2004年第2期。

李鹏涛：《英属中部和东部非洲殖民地的城镇劳动力政策》,《世界历史》2017年第2期。

刘广斌、宋飞：《二战后英国非殖民化政策的演变（1945—1964）》,《广西社会科学》2003年第1期。

刘明周：《英帝国解体的研究范式评析》,《世界历史》2013年第2期。

刘明周、佟玉兰：《英美政府在英国非殖民化问题上的博弈》,《历史教学》2008年第14期。

刘伟才：《赞比亚政教关系的历史透视》,《史学集刊》2017年第1期。

陆庭恩：《非洲国家的殖民主义历史遗留》,《国际政治研究》2002年第1期。

陆庭恩：《关于非洲非殖民化的几个问题》,《铁道师范学院学报》1992年第3期。

潘兴明：《二元型殖民地与非殖民化》,《安徽史学》2007年第1期。

潘兴明：《试析非殖民化理论》,《史学理论研究》2004年第3期。

沈晓雷：《津巴布韦殖民时期的土地剥夺、种族隔离与民族反抗》,《世界民族》2016年第4期。

舒运国：《试析20世纪非洲经济的两次转型》,《史学集刊》2015年第4期。

唐同明：《英属东非的土地问题》,《西亚非洲》1985年第3期。

王俊芳：《20世纪英国的非殖民化》,《江西师范大学学报》2001年第1期。

王三义：《英国在热带非洲和西亚的委任统治比较》,《复旦学报》（社会科学版）2010年第3期。

王双静：《西欧非殖民化评析》,《西北大学学报》2000年第2期。

张顺洪：《论英国的非殖民化》,《世界历史》1996年第6期。

张顺洪：《论战后英美国际战略伙伴关系》,《世界历史》1998年第6期。

张顺洪：《英国非殖民化过程中的军事条约和协定》,《世界历史》1997年第4期。

张顺洪：《英国殖民地开发公司活动述评》,《世界历史》2002年第2期。

张顺洪：《战后英国关于殖民地公职人员的政策（1945—1965）》,《历史研究》2003年第6期。

张顺洪等：《国内外学者对新殖民主义的认识与研究》,《史学理论研究》1998年第4期。

郑家馨：《关于殖民主义“双重使命”的研究》,《世界历史》1997年第2期。

英文文献

原始资料（文中只列出档案号的史料为笔者从英国国家档案馆处获得）

CAB（英国内阁档案）21/4772,CAB 130/190,CAB 134/1354、1559

CO（英国殖民部档案）554/260、261、262、312、904、905、940、1159、1178、1521、1533、1583、2122,CO1015/2254

PREM（英国首相办公厅档案）11/3080,3407

战后历届大选两党政纲，http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk.htm

保守党大会公报，National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations,The 79th Annual Conference and 80th Annual Conference.

档案集

Ashton,S.R.,and Louis,Wm Roger,eds.,British Documents on the End of Empire: East of Suez and the Commonwealth, 1964-1971,London:HMSO,2004.

FRUS,1952-1954,Vol.Ⅺ: Africa and South Asia

FRUS,1951,Vol.V: The Near East and Africa

Goldsworthy,David,edit.,British Documents on the End of Empire: The Conservative Government and the End of Empire, 1951-1957,London:HMSO,2000.

Hailey,WilliamMalcolm,edit.,An African Survey,revised,1956,A Study of Problems Arising in Africa South of the Sahara,London: Oxford University Press,1957.

Hyam,Ronald,and Louis,Wm Roger,eds.,British Documents on the End of Empire: The Conservative government and the End of Empire, 1957-1964,London: HMSO,2000.

Hyam,Ronald,edit.,British Documents on the End of Empire: The Labour Government and the End of Empire, 1945-1951,London: HMSO,1992.

Lynn,Martin,edit.,Bitish Documents on the End of Empire: Nigeria, London: HMSO,2001.

Murphy,Philip,edit.,British Documents on the End of Empire: Central Africa,London: HMSO,2005.

Porter,A.N.and Stockwell,A.J.,eds.,British Imperial Policy and Decolonization,1938-1964,v.1-2,Basingstoke:Macmillan Press,1987-1989.

R.Rathbone,British Documents on the End of Empire: Ghana, London：HMSO,1992.

W.J.M.Mackenzie and K.Robinson,eds.,Five Elections in Africa, Oxford:Clarendon Press,1960.

专著

Aldous,Richard,edit.,HaroldMacmillan: Aspects of a Politi cal Life, New York: St.Martin's Press; Basingstoke,Hampshire:Macmillan Press Ltd.,1999.

Aldous,R.and S.Lee,edit.,HaroldMacmillan & Britain's World Role， Basingstoke:Macmillan Press,1996.

Anderson,D.,Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire, New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson,2005.

Anderson,B.,Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, London: Verso,1991.

Ashton,N.J.,Kennedy,Macmillan and the Cold War: The Irony of Interdependence, Basingstoke:Macmillan,2002.

Astrow,Andre,Zimbabwe: A Revolution That Lost its Way? London: Zed Press,1983.

Baker,Colin,State of Emergency: Crisis in Central Africa,Nyasaland， 1959-1960,London: lBTauris,1997.

Ball,Simon,The Guardsmen: HaroldMacmillan,Three Friends,and the World TheyMade, London:Harper Collins,2004.

Barber,W.J.,The Economy of British Central Africa,Oxford: Oxford University Press,1961.

Birmingham,D.and P.M.,Martin,eds.,History of Central Africa: The Contemporary Years since 1960,London: Longman,1998.

Birmingham,David,The Decolonization of Africa,London: Routledge,1995.

Boahen,A.Adu.,African Perspectives on European Colonialism, New York:Diasporic African Press,2011.

Boyce,D.G.,Decolonisation and the British Empire, 1775-1997,London:Macmillan Press,1999.

Brendon,Piers,The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, 1781-1997,London: Jonathan Cape,2007.

Brivati,B.and H.Jones,eds.,From Reconstruction to Integration: Britain and Europe since 1945,Leicester: Leicester University Press,1993.

Brown,M.Barratt,After Imperialism,Portsmouth: Heinemann,1963.

Burawoy,M.,The Colour of Class on the Copperbelt,Manchester:Manchester University Press,1972.

Butler,L.J.,Britain and Empire: Adjusting to a Post-imperial World,London: I.B.Taurus,2002.

Cannadine,David,Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire, London: Penguin Books Ltd.,2001.

Cain,P.and A.Hopins,British Imperialism, 1688-2000,3^rdeds,Harlow: Longman,2016.

Carey,A.T.,Colonial Students: A Study of the Social Adaptation of Colonial Students in London,London: Secker & Warburg,1956.

Carmody,Pádraig Risteard,The New Scramble for Africa, Cambridge: Polity Press,2011.

Carmody,Pádraig Risteard,Globalization in Africa: Recolonization or Renaissance? Colo.Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers,2010.

Chamberlain,Muriel E.,The Longman Companion to European Decolonisation in the Twentieth Century, London: Longman,1998.

Clarke,P.,ed.,Understanding decline: Perceptions and Realities of British Economic Performance, Cambridge: Cambridge Press,1997.

Clarke,P.F.,The Last Thousand Days of the British Empire, London: Allen Lane,2007.

Clayton,Anthony and David Killingray,Khaki and Blue: Military and Police in British Colonial Africa, Athens: Ohio University Press,1989.

Colin,Cross,The Fall of the British Empire, London: Paladin,1970.

Cooper,Frederick,Decolonization and African Society: The Labour Question in French and British Africa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1996.

Cowen,M.P.and R.W.Shenton,Doctrines of Development, London: Routledge,1996.

Cumming,Gordon,Aid to Africa: French and British Policies from the Cold War to the New Millennium,Ashgate,2001.

Darwin,John,Britain and Decolonisation: The Retreat from Empire in the Post-war World, New York: St.Martin's Press,1988.

Darwin,John,The End of the British Empire: The Historial Debate, Oxford:Basil Blackwell,1991.

Darwin,John,the Empire Project: the Rise and Fall of the British World-system, 1830-1970,Cambridge University Press,2011.

Datta,Ansu,Education and Society: A Sociology of African Education, New York: St.Martin's Press,1984.

David,Goldsworthy,Colonial Issues in British Politics, 1945-1961: From“Colonial Development”to“Wind of Change”,London:Oxford University Press,1971.

Davis,Lance E.and Robert A.Huttenback,Mammon and the Pursuit of Empire: the Economics of British Imperialism,Cambridge;New York: Cambridge University Press,1988.

Dickie,J.,Special No More: Anglo-American Relations: Rhetoric and Reality,London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson,1994.

Donnelly,Mark,Sixties Britain: Culture,Society,and Politics, New York:Pearson Longman,2005.

Duara P.,ed.,Decolonization: Perspectives from Now and Then, London:Routledge,2004.

Dwyer,Peter and Leo Zeilig,African Struggles Today: Social Movements since Independence,Chicago,IL: Haymarket Books,2012.

Elkins,Caroline,Britain's Gulag: the Brutal End of Empire in Kenya, London: Bodley Head,2005.

Falola,Toyin,Colonialism and Violence in Nigeria, Bloomington: Indiana University Press,2009.

Falola,T.,Development Planning and Decolonization in Nigeria,Gainesville:University Press of Floria,1996.

Fedorowich,Kent andMartin Thomas,ed.,International Diplomacy and Colonial Retreat,London: Frank Cass,2001.

Fieldhouse,D.K.,Managing the Business of Empire: Essays in Honour of David Fieldhouse,Portland,Ore.: Frank Cass,1998.

Fieldhouse,D.K.,Black Africa, 1945-1980: Economic Decolonization and Arrested Development,London: Allen & Unwin,1986.

Fieldhouse,D.K.,Colonialism, 1870-1945,London:Macmillan Press,1983.

Fisher,N.,IainMacleod,London: Andre Deutsch,1973.

Foran,William Robert,The Kenya Police1887-1960,London: Tobert Hale,1962.

Frankel,Joseph,British Foreign Policy, 1945-1973,London: Oxford University Press,1975.

Fry,R.,Bankers in West Africa: The Story of the the Bank of British West Africa Ltd.,London: Hutchinson Benham,1976.

Gallagher,John,The Decline,Revival and Fall of the British Empire, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1982.

Gardner,Leigh A.,Taxing Colonial Africa: the Politi cal Economy of British Imperialism,Oxford: Oxford University Press,2012.

Gann,L.H.and P.Duignan,Colonialism in Africa, 1870-1960,Vol.4,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1969.

Gewald,Jan-Bart,Marja Hinfelaar,and GiacomoMacola,eds.,Living the End of Empire: Politics and Society in Late Colonial Zambia, Leiden:Brill,2011.

Gifford,P.and WM.R.Louis,ed.,France and Britain in Africa: Imperial Rivalry and Colonial Rule,New Haven: Yale University Press,1971.

Gifford,P.and WM.R.Louis,ed.,Decolonization and African Independence:the Transfers of Power,1960-1980,New Haven: Yale University Press,1988.

Gifford,P.and WM.R.Louis,ed.,The Transfer of Power in Africa: Decolonization, 1940-1960,New Haven: Yale University Press,1982.

Goto,Nathan F.,Mission Education: Transforms Sub-Saharan Indigenous African People,Oklahoma: Tate Publishing,2011.

Gordon,D.F.,Decolonization and the State in Kenya, London: Westview Press,1986.

Gowing,M.,Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy，1945-1952,Basingstoke:Macmillan,1974.

Hall,Richard,Zambia,London: PallMall Press,1965.

Harbeson,John W.,Nation-building in Kenya: the Role of Land Reform， Illinois: Northwestern University Press,1976.

Hargreaves,J.D.,Decolonization in Africa,2nd eds.,London; New York:Longman,1996.

Harper,Sue and Vincent Porter,British Cinema of the 1950s: the Decline of Deference,Oxford;New York: Oxford University Press,2007.

Havinden,M.A.and D.Meredith,Colonialism and Development, 1850-1960: Britain and Its Tropi cal Colonies, London: Routledge,1993.

Hazlewood,Arthur,African Integration and Disintegration: Case Studies in Economic and Politi cal Union,London: Oxford University Press,1967.

Heinlein,F.,Brititsh Government Policy and Decolonisation, 1945-1963,London: Frank Cass,2002.

Hickson,Kevin,ed.,The Politi cal Thought of the Conservative Party since 1945,New York: PalgraveMacmillan,2005.

Hinds,A.,Britain's Sterling Colonial Policy and Decolonization, 1939-1958,Westport: Greenwood Press,2001.

Hlatshwayo,Simphive A.Hlatshwayo,Education and Independence: Education in South Africa, 1658-1988,London: Greenwood Press,2000.

Hodge,Joseph Morgan,Triumph of the Expert: Agrarian Doctrines of Development and the Legacies of British Colonialism, Athens,OH: Ohio University Press,2007.

Holland,R.F.,European Decolonization,1918-1981: An Introductory Survey,London:Macmillan Press,1985

Horne,A.,Macmillan, 1957-1986,Basingstoke:Macmillan,1989.

Howe,S.,Anticolonialism in British Politics: the Left and the End of Empire， 1918-1964,Oxford: Clarendon Press,1993.

Hubbard,James P.,The United States and the End of British Colonial Rule in Africa, 1941-1968,N.C.Jefferson: McFarland & Company,2011.

Hyam,Ronald,Britain's Declining Empire: The Road to Decolonization， 1918-1968,Cambridge;New York: Cambridge University Press,2006.

Hyam,Ronald and Peter Henshaw,The Lion and the Springbok: Britain and South Africa since the Boer War,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2003.

Ike,Chukwuemeka,University Development in Africa: The Nigerian Experience, London: Oxford University Press,1976.

Jones,Harriet and Michael Kandiah,eds.,The Myth of Consensus: New Views on British History, 1945-1964,Macmillan Press,1996.

Kahler,Miles,Decolonization in Britain and France: the Domestic Consequences of International Relations, Princeton,N.J.: Princeton University Press,1984.

Kaunda,Kenneth and Colin Morris,Black Government? A Discussion between Kenneth Kaunda and Colin Morris, Lusaka: United Society for Christian Literature,1960.

Keatley,Patrick,The Politics of Partnership,London: Penguin Book,1963.

Kennedy,Paul,The Realities behind Diplomacy, London: Fontana Press,1981.

Kirk-Greene,A.,On Crown Service: A History of HM Colonial and Overseas Civil Services, 1837-1997,London: I.B.Tauris,1999.

Krozewski,Gerold,Money and the End of Empire: British International Economic Policy and the Colonies, 1947-1958,New York: Palgreave,2001.

Kumbula,T.J.,Education and Social Control in Southern Rhodesia, Palo Alto: R&E Research Associates,1979.

Küster,Sybille,African Education in Colonial Zimbabwe,Zambia andMalawi: Government Control,Settler Antagonism and African Agency, 1890-1964,Hamburg: LIT Verlag,1994.

Lamba,Isaac Chikwekwere,Contradictions in Post-war Education Policy Formulation and Application in ColonialMalawi, 1945-1961,Malawi Zomba: Kachere Series,2010.

Lanning,G.and M.Mueller,Africa undermined: A History of the Mining Companies and the Underdevelopment of Africa, London: Penguin Books Ltd.,1979.

Latham,A.J.,The Depression and the Developing World, 1914-1939,N.J.Totowa: Barnes and Noble,1981.

Lee,J.M.,African Armies and Civil Order, London: Chatto and Windus for the Institute for Strategic Studies,1969.

Lee,J.M.,Colonial Government and Good Government,London: Oxford University Press,1967.

Lensink,Robert,Structural Adjestment in Sub-Sahalan Africa, London:Longman,1996.

Lloyd,Trevor,Empire: the History of the British Empire, London: Hambledon and London,2001.

Louis,William Roger,Imperialism at Bay, 1941-1945: The United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire,2nd, New York: Oxford University Press,2003.

Louis,Wm.Roger,The Oxford History of the British Empire, V.4; V.5,Oxford;New York: Oxford University Press,1998,1999.

Luard,Evan,A History of the United Nations,Vol.Ⅱ: The Age of Decolonization,1955-1965,London:Macmillan,1989.

Lynn,Martin,The British Empire in the 1950s: Retreat or Revival? Basingstoke: PalgraveMacmillan,2006.

Mangold,Peter,The Almost Impossible Ally: HaroldMacmillan and Charles deGaulle, London: I.B.Tauris,2006.

Marais,Hein,South Africa Pushed to the Limit: the Politi cal Economy of Change, London: Zed Books,2011.

Marsh,Zöe and G.W.Kingsnorth,A History of East Africa, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1972.

May,A.,ed.,Britain,the Commonwealth and Europe: The Commonwealth and Britain's Applications to Join the European Communities, New York:Palgrave Press,2001.

McIntyre,British Decolonisation, 1946-1997: When,Why and How did the British Empire Fall, Basingstoke:Macmillan,1998.

Miller,J.D.B.,Survey of Commonwealth Affairs,Problems of Expansion and Attrition 1953-1969,London: Oxford University Press,1974.

Mommsen,W.J.and Osterhanmmel,J.,eds.,Imperialism and After: Con-tinuities and Discontinuities,London: Allen and Unwin Publishing Company,1986.

Morgan,D.J.,The Official History of Colonial Development, Vol.3-5,London:Macmillan Press,1980.

Morgan,Philip D.and Sean Hawkins,Black Experience and the Empire,London: Oxford University Press,2004.

Morrisey,O.,B.Brian,and E.Horesh,British Aid and International Trade: Aid PolicyMaking, 1979-1989,Phildelphia: Open Univesity Press,1992.

Moss,Norman,The Politics of Uranium,London: Andre Deutsch,1981.

Mothobi,B.,Training for Development, Salisbury:Mardon Printers Ltd.,1978.

Moyse-Bartlett,Hubert,The King's African Rifles,Aldershot:Gale&Polden,1956.

Murphy,Alan Lennox-Boyd,London: lBTauris,1999.

Murphy,P.,Party Politics and Decolonization: The Conservative Party and British Colonial Policy in Tropi cal Africa, 1951-1964,Oxford: Oxford University Press,1995.

Mushi,Philemon A.K.,History and Development of Education in Tazania， Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press,2009.

Nabudere,D.Wadada,Imperialism in East Africa, Vol.1,London: Zed Press,1981.

Nasson,Bill,Britannia's Empire:Making a British World,Stroud,Gloucestershire: Tempus,2004.

Nicolson,I.F.,The Administration of Nigeria, 1900-1960: Men,Methods,and Myths,London: Oxford University Press,1969.

Nwauwa,Apollos O.,Imperialism,Academe and Nationalism: Britain and University Education for Africans, 1860-1960,London: Frank Cass,1997.

Nyachieo,Sorobea,Kenya 1945-1963: A Study in African National Movements, Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau,1980.

O'Gorman,Frank,British Conservationism: Conservative Thought from Burke to Thatcher,London: Longman,1986.

Ovendale,R.,Britain,the United States and the Transfer of Power in the Middle East, 1945-1962,Leicester: Leicester University Press,1996.

Owen,R.and B.Sutcliffe,ed.,Studies in the Theory of Imperialism, London: Longman,1972.

Parsons,Timothy,The African Rank-and-File, Portsmouth: Heinemann,1999.

Percox,D.A.,Britain,Kenya and the Cold War: Imperial Defernce,Colonial Security and Decolonisation, London: Tauris Academic Stidies,2004.

Pierce,Steven and Rao,Anupama,Discipline and the Other Body: Correction,Corporeality,Colonialism,Durham: Duke University Press,2006.

Pierre,A.,Nuclear Politics: The British Experience with an Independent Strategic Force, 1939-1970,London: Oxford University Press,1972.

Polk,Judd,Sterling: Its Meaning in World Finance, New York: Harper &.Brothers,1956.

Porter,Bernard,The Lion's Share: A Short History of British Imperialism， 1850-2004,Fourth Edition,Pearson Longman,2004.

Porter,Bernard,Empire and Superempire: Britain,America,and the World， New Haven: Yale University Press,2006.

Ramamurthy,A.,Imperial Persuaders: Images of Africa and Asia in British Advertising,Manchester:Manchester University Press,2003.

Reynolds,David,Britannia Overruled: British Policy and World Power in the Twentieth Century,London: Longman,1991.

Rich,Paul B.,Race and Empire in British Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1986.

Rimmer,Douglas,The British Intellectual Engagement with Africa in the Twentieth Century, New York: St.Martin's Press,2000.

Robbins,Keith,The Eclipse of Great Power, 1870-1975,London: Longman,1983.

Roberts,Andrew,A History of Zambia,London,Heinemann,1976.

Rodney,Walter,How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, London: Bogle-L' Ouverture Publications,1972.

Rotberg,R.I.and A.A.Mazrui,Protest and Power in Black Africa, New York: Oxford University Press,1970.

Rothermund,Dietmar,The Routledge Companion to Decolonizaiton, London:Routledge,2006.

Ryan,David,ed.,The United States and Decolonization, London:Macmillan Press,2000.

Sampson,A.,Macmillan: A Study in Ambiguity,London: Penguin,1967.

Sampson,Anthony,Anatomy of Btitain, London: Hodder & Stoughton,1962.

Samson,Jane,Race and Empire,London: Longman,2005.

Sandbrook,Dominic,Never Had It So Good: A History of Britain from Suez to the Beatles,London: Little Brown,2005.

Schenk,C.,Britain and the Sterling Area from Devaluation to Convertibility in the 1950s, London: Routledge,1994.

Schonfield,A.,British Economic Policy since the War, London: Penguin,1958.

Shepherd,R.,IainMacleod,London: Hutchinson,1994.

Shipway,Martin,Decolonization and Its Impact: A Comparative Approach to The End of the Colonial Empires, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell,2008.

Sinclair,Georgina,At the End of the Line: Colonial Policing and the Imperial Endgame, 1945-1980,Manchester:Manchester University Press,2006.

Sklar,Richard L.,Corporate Power in an African State: the Politi cal Impact of Multinational Mining Companies in Zambia,Berkeley and Los Angeles:University of California,1975.

Smith,John,Administering Empire: the British Colonial Service in Retrospect， London: University of London Press,1999.

Springhall,John,Decolonization since 1945: the Collapse of European Overseas Empires, New York: Palgreave（formerlyMacmillan）,2001.

Stockwell,S.E.,Business of Decolonization: British Business Strategies in the Gold Coast,London: Oxford University Press,2000.

Strachey,John,The End of Empire, London: Gollancz,1959.

Sunderland,David,Managing British Colonial and Post-colonial Development, Woodbridge: Boydell Press,2007.

Thomas,Martin,Empires of Intelligence: Security Services and Colonial Disorder after 1914,Berkeley: U.of California P.,2008.

Thompson,Andrew,Britain's Experience of Empire in the Twentieth Century， Oxford: Oxford University Press,2012.

Thornton A.P.,The Imperial Idea and its Enemies: A Study in British Power，Macmillan Press,1966.

Throup,David,Economic and Social Origins ofMauMau, 1945-1953,London: James Currey,1987

Tinno,R.L.,Capitalism and Nationalism at the End of Empire: State and Business in Decolonizing Egypt,Nigeria,and Kenya, 1945-1963,Princeton: Princeton University Press,1998.

Tijani,Hakeem Ibikunle,Union Education in Nigeria: Labor,Empire,and Decolonization since 1945,London:Macmillan,2012.

Vail,Leroy,The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa, Berkely: University of California Press,1991.

Vlahakis,George,Imperialism and Science: Social Impact and Interaction， Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO,2006.

Wallerstein,I.,The Road to Independence: Ghana and the Ivory Coast, Paris&The Hague: Mouton & Co,1964.

Wart,Stuart,British Culture and the End of Empire,Manchester:Manchester University Press,2001.

White,Nicholas J.,Decolonisation: The British Experience since 1945,London: Longman,1999.

Wilson,H.S.,African Decononization, London: Edward Arnold,1994.

Young,Crawford,The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective, London: Yale University Press,1994.

Zeilig,Leo,Class Struggle and Resistance in Africa, Chicago: Haymarket Books,2009.

文章

Ball,S.J.,“Banquo' s Ghost: Lord Salisbury,HaroldMacmillan,and the High Politics of Decolonization”,1957-1963,Twentieth Century British History, Vol.16,No.3（August 2005）.

Bostock,F.,“The British Overseas Banks and Development Finance in Africa after1945”,Business History, Vol.33,Issue 3（July 1991）.

Butler,L.J.,“Demise of the Central African Federation,1959-1963”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol.28,Issue 3（September 2000）.

Butler,L.J.,“Business and British Decolonisation: Sir Ronald Prain,the Mining Industry and the Central African Federation”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol.35,Issue 3（September 2007）.

Cohen,Andrew,“Business and Decolonization in Central Africa Reconsidered”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol.36,No.4,（December 2008）.

Cooper,Frederick,“Conflict and Connection: Rethinking Colonial African History”,American Histori cal Review, Vol.99,No.5（December 1994）.

Darwin,John,“Central African Emergency,1959”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,Volume 21,Issue 3（September 1993）.

Decker,Stephanie,“Decolonising Barclays Bank DCO? Corporate Africanisation in Nigeria,1945-1969”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol.33,Issue 3（September 2005）.

Flint,John,“Planned Decolonization and its Failure in British Africa”,African Affairs,Vol.82,No.328（July 1983）.

Gann,L.,“Rhodesia and the Prohhets”,African Affiairs, Vol.71,No.283,April 1972.

Gibbs,David N.,“Politi cal Parties and International Relations: The United States and the Decolonization of Sub-Saharan Africa”,The International History Review, Vol.17,No.2（May 1995）.

Grier,Beverly,“Underdevelopment,Modes of Production,and the State in the Colonial Ghana”,African Studies Review, Vol.24,No.1（March,1981）.

Goldsworthy,David,“Keeping Change within Bounds: Aspects of Colonial Policy during the Churchill and Eden Governments,1951-1957”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol.18,Issue 1（January 1990）.

Holland,R.,“The Imperial Factor in British Strategies from Attlee toMacmillan,1945-1963”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History， Vol.12,Issue 2（May 1984）.

Hornby,R.,“Conservative Principles”,Politi cal Quarterly（July-September 1961）.

Horowitz,Dan,“Attitudes of British Conservatives towards Decolonization in Africa”,African Affairs,Vol.69,No.274（January 1970）.

Hughes,Matthew,“Fighting for White Rule in Africa: The Central African Federation,Katanga,and the Congo Crisis,1958-1965”,The International History Review, Vol.25,No.3（September 2003）.

Hyam,Ronald,“The Geopoliti cal Origins of the Central African Federation:Britain,Rhodesia and South Africa 1948-1953”,The Histori cal Journal， Vol.30,No.1（March 1987）.

Kelemen,Paul,“Modernising Colonialism: The British Labour Movement and Africa”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol.34,Issue 2（May 2006）.

Kent,John,“United States Reactions to Empire,Colonialism,and Cold War in Black Africa,1949-1957”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Volume 33,Issue 2（May 2005）.

Kirk-Greene,A.H.M.,“The Thin Line: the Size of the British Colonial Service in Africa”,African Affairs, Vol.79,No.314（January 1980）.

Krozewski,Gerold,“Finance and Empire: the Dilemma Facing Great Britain in the 1950s”,International History Review, Vol.18,No.1（February 1996）.

Louis,Wm.Roger and Ronald Robinson,“The Imperialism of Decolonization”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol.22,Issue 3（September 1994）.

McIntyre,W.D.,“The Admission of Small States to the Commonwealth”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol.24,Issue 2（May 1996）.

Muphy,Philip,“The African Queen?Republicanism and Defensive Decoloni zation in British Tropi cal Africa,1958-1964”,Twentieth Century British History, Vol.14,No.3（August 2003）.

Ovendale,Ritchie,“Macmillan and the Wind of Change in Africa 1957-1960”,The Histori cal Journal,Vol.38,No.2（June 1995）.

Presley,Cora Ann,“TheMauMau Rebellion,Kikuyu Women,and Social Change”,Canadian Journal of African Studies,Vol.22,No.3（1988）.

Roberts,A.D.,“Notes towards a Financial History of Copper Mining in Northern Rhodesia”,Canadian Journal of African Studies, Vol.16,No.2,1982.

Robertson,Paul L.and John Singleton,“The Commonwealth as an Economic Network”,Australian Economic History Review, Vol.41,No.3（November 2001）.

Ruddell,David,“Class and Race: Neglected Determinants of Colonial‘Adapted Education' Policies”,Comparative Education, Volume 18,No.3（1982）,pp.293-294.

Schenk,C.R.,“Decolonization and European Economic Integration: the Free Trade Area Negoriations,1956-1958”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,Vol.24,No.3（September 1996）.

Schenk,C.R.,“The Origins of a Central Bank inMalaya and theTransition to Independence,1954-1959”,The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,Vol.21,Issue 2（May 1993）.

Smith,S.,“A Vulnerable Point in the Sterling Area: Kuwait in the 1950s”,Contemporary British History,Vol.17,Issue 4（November 2003）.

Speller,Ian,“An African Cuba?Britain and the Zanzibar Revolution,1964”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol.35,Issue 2（May 2007）.

Stockwell,S.E.,“Trade,Empire,and the Fis cal Context of Imperial Business during Decolonization”,Economic History Review, Vol.57,No.1（February 2004）.

Stockwell,A.J.,“Leaders,Dissidents and the Disappointed: Colonial Students in Britain as Empire Ended”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol.36,Issue 3（September 2008）.

Stockwell,S.E.,“Instilling the‘Sterling Traditon': Decolonization and the Creation of a Central Bank in Ghana”,Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,Volume 26,Issue 2（May 1998）.

Tomlinson,J.,“The Decline of the Empire and the Economic‘Decline' of Britain”,Twentieth Century British History, Vol.14,No.3（August 2003）.

White,N.J.,“The Business and the Politics of Decolonization: the British Experience in the Twentieth Century”,Economic History Review, Vol.53,No.3（August 2000）.

White,N.,“The Survival,Revival and Decline of British Economic Influence inMalaysia,1957-1970”,Twentieth Century British History, Volume 14,Issue 3（August 2003）.

Whitehead,C.,“Education in British Colonial Dependencies,1919-1939: A Reappraisal”,Comparative Education, Vol.17,Issue 1（March 1981）.