Li Shi, bachelor of science and master of philosophy from Tsinghua University, PhD in political philosophy from Luiss University, Italy, and a postdoctoral from Peking University. Li is now a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of International Relations, Renmin University of China. The research direction is political philosophy and the history of Western political thought. Three monographs have been published: Paradox of Positive Freedom, the Theory of the Pedigree of Equality Analysis of the Theory of Modern Western Equality, and Ten Lectures on Political Philosophy.